Robin Cook Englsh Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Robin Cook Englsh - Research Paper Example At present Robin Cook currently has both occupation and residence in Florida alone. Yet he has in recent times won the awards that include the 2002 "Author of Vision" offered by the RP International organization and in 2004 he was effectively issued an appointment by President George W. Bush personally to the Woodrow Wilson Board of Trustees. In pertaining to the business showground, Dr. Cook is known to be the cofounder of an Internet software company, a partner of a New Hampshire sports complex, and has substantial real estate properties. Previously he has been known to own a restaurant and a construction company. His hobbies primarily comprise interior and architectural design, period renovation, with specific athletics including basketball, tennis, skiing, and surfing. Doctor cum author Robin Cook is generally accredited with familiarizing the term "medicinal" to the thriller genre or fictitious and nonfiction storytelling. Even after thirty-four years subsequent to the periodica l publication of his innovation novel, Coma, he remains to be dominant in the category he shaped. Cook has efficaciously unified medical facts with futuristic fantasy to harvest a string of twenty-eight New York Times bestsellers that have been periodically translated into forty some languages. To date still, they include Outbreak Mind bend Mutation, Harmful Intent, Vital Signs , Blind sight , Terminal , Fatal Cure, Acceptable Risk , Contagion , Chromosome 6 ,Toxin , Vector , Shock , Seizure, Marker ,Crisis , Critical , Foreign Body , and Intervention . Putnam published Cook's most recent novel, Cure, in 2010. His volumes have retailed approximately to 100 million copies. In every novel, Robin Cook endeavors to explicate numerous... Cook's narratives obligated to forestall nationwide debate. Interviewer Stephen McDonald spoke to him regarding his novel Shock; while Cook admits that the timing of book was indeed unexpected. "I suppose that you could say that it's the most like Coma in that it deals with an issue that everybody seems to be concerned about," he further quoted, "I wrote this book to address the stem cell issue, which the public really doesn't know anything about. Besides entertaining readers, my main goal is to get people interested in some of these issues, because it's the public that ultimately really should decide which way we ought to go in something as ethically questioning as stem cell research." Cook articulates he selected to transcribe thrillers because the forum gives him "an opportunity to get the public interested in things about medicine that they didn't seem to know about. I believe my books are actually teaching people." The writer acknowledges he not once assumed that he would obliga te to such persuasive substantial marterial to work with as soon as he initiated writing fiction in 1970.

Burke Litwin 1992 Essay Example for Free

Burke Litwin 1992 Essay Change is depicted in terms of both process and content, with particular emphasis on transformational as compared with transactional factors. Transformational change occurs as a response to the external environment and directly affects organizational mission and strategy, the organiz. ations leadership, atid culture, lit ttirn, tfie transactional factors are affected—strtictute. systems, management practices, and climate. These transformational and transactional factors together affect motivation, which, in turn, affects peifornumce. In support of the models potential validity, theory and research as wellaspraetke are cited. Orgatiization change is a kind of chaos (Gleick. 1987). The number of variables changing at the same lime, the magnitude of environmental change, and the frequent resistance of human systetns cteate a whole confluence of ptocesses that are extremely difficult to predict and almost impossible to control. Nevertheless, there are consistent patterns that exist—linkages among classes of events that have been demonstrated repeatedly in the research literature and can be seen in actual organizations. The enormous and pervasive impact of culture and beliefs— to the point where it causes organizations to do fundamentally unsound things ftom a business point of view^would be such an observed phenotnenon. To build a most likely model describing the causes of organizational performance and change, we must explore two important lines of thinking. First, we must understand more thoroughly how organizations function (i. e. , what leads to what). Second, given our tiiodel of causation, we must understand how organizations might be deliberately changed. The linkage typically is in the direction of theory and research to practice: that is. to ground our consultation in what is known, what is theoretically and empirically sound. Creation of the tnodel to be presented in this article was not quite in that knowledge-to-practice direction, however. With respect to theory, we sttongly believe in the open system framework, especially represented by Katz and Kahn (1978). Thus, any organizational model that we might develop would stem from an input-throughput-output, with a feedback loop, format. The tnodei presented hete is definitely of that genre. In other wotds. the fundamental framework for the model evolved from theory. The components of the model and what causes what and in what order, on the other hand, have evolved frotn our practice. To risk stating what is often not politic to admit in academic circles, we admit that the ultimate development of our causal model evolved from practice, not extensive theory or tesearch. What we are attempting with this article, therefore, is a theoretical and empirical justification of what we clearly believe works. To be candid, we acknowledge that our attempt is not unlike attribution theory—we are explaining our beliefs and actions ex post facto: This seemed to have worked; I wonder if the literature supports our action. Our consulting efforts over a period of about 5 years with British Airways taught us a lot^—what changes seemed to have worked and what activities clearly did not. It was from these experiences that our model took form. As a case example, we refer to the work at British Airways later in this article. For a more recent overview of that change effort, . see Goodstein and Burke (1991).

New Economic Policy Failure

New Economic Policy Failure During World War I, Tsar Nicholas II made the terrible mistake of commanding Russias grand army by himself, and allowing Grigori Rasputin to give personal advice on how to direct it. Most mistakes made from then on out were blamed on Nicholas II by the people, and it was deemed time for change. In early 1917, tensions within the population led Nicholas II to abdicate and flee the country and a provisional government was put in place (BBC Lenin). The Germans saw this as an opportunity to get rid of Russia as an opponent and decided to send Vladimir Lenin, a member of the Soviet Communist Party, into power. The provisional government was quickly overthrown and Lenin was installed into power during the October Revolution through the Germans and the Bolsheviks. After signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, the population became outraged that they lost so much land after exiting the war. A civil war erupted because of this, and in the chaos, Tsar Nicholas II was executed. Lenin saw that Rus sia was in a state of turmoil after exiting World War I and silencing the civil war, so he was determined to fix the economy. After the civil war, Lenin revised the economic policies and introduced the New Economic Policy (BBC The NEP). The imposition of the New Economic Policy in 1921 incorporated western economic ideas, such as peasants controlling businesses, causing Russia to depend more on its agricultural sector and in turn, brought it back to its pre-war state. (it incorporated western economic ideas, which were ultimately unsuccessful in raising russia from its prewar state) When Lenin first took power in 1918, Russia was in what he called a state of War Communism (Carr 147). He toyed with this system at first, and eventually decided to drop it due to peasents and workers revolting in the Tambov and Kronstadt Rebellions. In 1920, he declared that, We must show the peasants that the organisation of industry on the basis of modern, advanced technology, on electrification, which will provide a link between town and country, will put an end to the division between town and country, will make it possible to raise the level of culture in the countryside and to overcome, even in the most remote corners of land, backwardness, ignorance, poverty, disease, and barbarism (Lenin). Also in 1920, agricultural output had been reduced to only half of its pre-World War I level, foreign trade had decreased, and industrial production had fallen to only a small fraction of its pre-war levels. The peasants were the basis of the people, or the proletariat according to Carl Marx, and Lenin deemed it necessary to start with the lowest class to ensure that everyone grasps the new ideals that he was going to impose. The current leaders of the economy, as exclaimed by Lenin, were the bourgeois. In order to thwart their rule, Lenin revised the War Communism policies, and produced the New Economic Policy. In accordance with Marxs views, Lenin thought that, capitalism is a system based on the exploitation of the proletariat by the bourgeoisie. This exploitation takes place as follows: the workers, who own no means of production of their own, must use the means of production that are property of others in order to produce, and, consequently, earn their living (Carr 270). The New Economic Policy was instituted on March 21, 1921. The first eight months of the transition from War Communism to the NEP failed to displace the bourgeois to install the socialist economic order. It almost seemed as if the main goal of the policy at the time was to get the bourgeois out of power, and that the policy wasnt really formulated for the long run (Carr 269). This new policy was stepping away from the communist ideals of earlier periods in Russia. The Bolsheviks didnt approve of this policy made by Lenin, as they thought it was stretching communist ideals (Carr 156). Many of the Bolsheviks ended up leaving the government because of this, but Lenin held his position, and continued on with the imposition. The NEP was thought to be a new agricultural policy as well. The Bolsheviks viewed traditional village life as conservative and backward (Carr 152). The old way of village life was reminiscent of the Tsarist Russia that had supposedly been thrown out with the October Revolution. With the NEP, methods were put in place which promoted the pursuit by peasants of their self-interests. However, the government only allowed private landholdings because the idea of collectivized farming had met with much opposition. The practice of collectivized farming was when the government wouldnt collect tax in the shape of money from the proletariat, but they would be required to give the leaders a portion of their crop. The NEP stated that requisitioning of food and agricultural surpluses, a ideal of War Communism, must be ended. Instead, the government would tax the peasants on a fixed percentage of their production. Trotsky had already proposed a similar policy, but it was rejected by his fellow colleagues, including Lenin. Basically, this promoted a free agricultural market in Russia. With the free agricultural market came a great toll on the people of Russia. The Soviet authorities were constantly preoccupied with the danger that supplies of food to the towns and the army and of agricultural raw materials to industry would be inadequate. On the other hand, the persistent efforts of the same authorities to increase the share of resources available to industry constantly threatened the economic basis of the relationship between the regime and the peasantry. The Soviet authorities were right in the end. Prices for industry made products such as metals, tools, etc., skyrocketed to over 250% of their value before World War One was started. This in turn caused a major split between the prices of industrial products and agricultural products which caused a major food shortage due to farmers not being able to buy supplies and tools to produce crops. Like the blades of a pair of scissors, the terms of trade between town and country began to diverge in 1923 in favor of the mainly state-run industrial economy and at the expense of rural consumers. The reason for the Scissors Crisis was that agricultural production had rebounded quickly from the devastating famine of 1921 while industrial infrastructure was relatively slow to recover from the Civil Wars destruction. Thus, whereas textile production, essential to providing cloth to mass consumers, was only 26 percent of the pre-war level in 1922, agriculture reached 75 percent. By October 1923 when the crisis reached its peak, industrial prices were 276% of pre-war/1913 levels, while agricultural prices were only 89%. At this point, the state took vigorous action to make the producers prices go down. Costs were reduced by cutting staffs in industry. As a result of these measures as well as the success of the newly established Peoples Commissariat of Trade in making inroads into areas previously dependent on NEPmen, the scissors began to close. By April 1924 the agricultural price index had risen slightly to 92% and the industrial index had fallen to 131%. When the Scissors Crisis ended in 1923, Lenin became ill with a stroke, and died in late 1924. Stalin took over, and wiped out the New Economic Policy and instituted his Five Year Plans, showing that the economic policies provided by Lenin had little impact on the future of Russia. Also, as a result of the Scissor Crisis, the government corrected the industrial and agricultural parts of the economy, dragging their cost back down to pre-war times. The economic state within Russia depended on collective farming and free market farming, and how those two parts of agriculture did as a whole. With the reliance on the agricultural sector controlling the economy, the New Economic Policy imposed by Lenin ultimately failed in the sense of industrializing Russia.

Efficient America: Women, Progressivism, and the New Meaning of Citizenship :: Essays Papers

Efficient America: Women, Progressivism, and the New Meaning of Citizenship The end of the 19th Century brought with it what Woodrow Wilson called, â€Å"a new sense of union,† a cease-fire in sectional political strife that ended a century-long conflict in the United States, but the effects of the Industrial Revolution were already ushering in a new kind of domestic debate. This one would be couched in much of the same rhetoric of rights and equality and freedom that characterized the previous conflict, but it would address not the political functions of the American government, but the scope of its economic authority and what it owed the American people by virtue of that authority. A new national obsession with science and efficiency emerged in tandem with this debate, and the old foundations of the republic began to be evaluated by scientific rather than philosophical or religious standards. Caught in the fray of this conflict were the popular reform movements of the early 20th Century, whose causes came to be viewed in the same economic terms that characterized the major national issues of the day. The women’s movement was among those that exchanged its 19th Century rhetoric of rights based on religion, Enlightenment philosophy, and Constitutional ideals for a platform that emphasized the economic utility of increased rights and a widened sphere for women, and that fell more closely in line with the modern progressive philosophies of pragmatism and scientific rationalism. The emphasis on enhancing national economic productivity by strict scientific divisions of labor, on applying science to the routines of daily life to make it more efficient, more healthy, and more sanitary, changed the meaning of citizenship in America. With the blessings of progressives, the federal government made its first major entrance into the private lives of its citizens—regulati ng industry, economy, and urban life—and in doing so, became a protector of the people from the tyranny of economic power rather than just political power. A citizen became an economic unit, and productivity became linked with patriotism. Women, it came to be argued, should get the vote and should enter the public sphere not to fulfill their duty as political citizens of the United States who needed representation on the grounds that it was consistent with American political ideology, but to become full economic citizens—more efficient producers and workers within their own sections of the public sphere. At the end of the 19th Century, the Seneca Falls approach still garnered recognition but was even then giving way to the new arguments for women’s rights.

Effects of Globalisation on Indian Society Essay

Indian Society is among the oldest in the world and varied and complex in its heritage. But about 200 years of colonial rule changed its socio-cultural process. India was turned into an appendage of the British empire. British colonial policy transformed its economy, society and polity. The British colonial authority was responsible for the introduction of the modern state in India. They surveyed the land, settled land revenues, created a modern bureaucracy, army, police, instituted law courts and helped in the codification of laws. The colonial administration developed communications, the railways, the postal system, telegraph, roads and the canal system. It introduced English language and took steps for the establishment of universities. The above changes set in motion a number of forces which had long-term and often adverse consequences for the Indian economy and society. These changes were not oriented towards causing balanced development and progress of the Indian society. They only served the imperial interests of the colonial authority. India which had a glorious past, had become one of the poorest countries when it freed itself from colonial bondage. In 1948-49 India’s national income was 86. 5 thousand million rupees. Which meant a per capita income of only 264 (rupees). This was one of the lowest in the world. India had a predominant agrarian economy. 72 percent of its total workforce was dependant upon agriculture. Organised industries accounted for two percent of the workforce. The colonial authority pursued policies which led to pouperisation of the peasants, who had reduced to the position of share-croppers, marginal tenants and landless agricultural labourers. At the dawn of independence India was economically dependant upon advanced countries. Its exports consisted of primary products while its imports consisted of manufactures from industrialised countries. It also showed a marked deficit in the balance of trade. The economy was characterised by a pronounced economic dualism. The economic structure was also intricately related to a society having features which seriously affected the growth and operation of new institutions. The country was typically characterised by a class structure in which power was highly concentrated in a small elite. This included, on the one hand, classes whose power was associated with the traditional sector and, on the other, newer classes whose power was associated with the growth of the modern sector. Their combined membership was very small in comparison to the mass of small cultivators, landless agricultural labourers, unskilled workers and unemployed or underemployed. Between the elite at the top and the masses at the bottom, there was a very small middle class consisting of pet businessmen, semi-skilled blue-collar workers and small property owners. These peculiarities had a bearing upon a new nation resharing itself in a post-colonial world. Further, social interactions in India were based on considerations of race, religion caste, community, language and region. After independence India experienced a politics of scarcity on account of the above factors. Political independence raised expectations of the masses. The nationalist elite, who had played in a key role in the freedom struggle, became the new power-elite They and their socio-cultural background set the goals of the new dispensation. Apart from economic development and social transformation achieving economic and political self-reliance was a new goal of the independent Indian state. The goal of integration of the country was also important to the ruling elite. Independent India adopted the Westminister model for sharing its political institutions. The parliamentary form of government with a federal state structure was the only alternative before the constitution-making forum. The modern elite wanted to reconstruct the social structure on modern foundations of law, individual merit and secular education. They therefore, favoured a transition from traditional rural economy to one based on scientifically planned industry and agriculture. To achieve this objective Community Development project and Five-year Plans were introduced. India thus became a welfare state. The objective of the Indian State being to correct the distorted nature of the economy and society, which had been its colonial inhavitance, the newly goals were : self-sustained growth, high rate of growth, equality, equity and justice and state and nation-building.

the warlords essays

the warlords essays In his book, The Warlords, AJP Taylor defines a warlord as "...a man of great, of unique, power dominating both the military and civil affairs of his country; a dictator whose power was unlimited and who made all vital decisions" (Taylor 16). Taylor is trying to portray Joseph Stalin, Denito Mussolini, Adolf Hilter, Winston Churchill, and President Roosevelt as warlords by his definition. He uses many examples of events during World War II that show how these men are dictators and can dominate military powers. I believe that the author is fairly successful in showing that these men are warlords; however, there are several instances where Taylor seems to contradict himself. First, his definition says a warlord must be a man of great power and control his military. In the case of Mussolini, Taylor tells how he was noted as being a "lazy man" and how he lied about the actual size of his army. Taylor also talks about how Mussolini only consisted of impression and how without Hitler he would have never become anything after his resignation of commander- in- chief. Also, Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt were not dictators of their countries and therefore only fit half of the author's definition. Taylor does a good job in general of proving that these five men are warlords, however he leaves a few loopholes for others to argue his theories. No one disputes that these men are leaders in their own way, but they do not all fit the authors exact definition of a warlord. This book was well written and well organized. By reading this book you not only learn about the lives and politics of these five men, but you also learn a lot about many different events in World War II. I feel like I came away from this book knowing much more than I did when I began reading it. It was easy to read and, as I already stated, very inte ...

Attribution Theory essays

Attribution Theory essays The purpose of this review was to discuss the development of attribution theory. Since there is no unifying theory of attribution, this review attempts to explain central ideas comprising the basic tenet that attribution theory describes how people make causal explanations about reality, as well as the behavioral and emotional consequences of those explanations. Attribution theory was developed over time from several social psychologists, including Fritz Heider, Edward Jones, Keith Davis, and Harold Kelley. Heider played a central role in defining attribution theory in 1958, in his book The Psychology of Interpersonal Relationships. In 1965, Jones and Davis expanded attribution theory through their systematic hypothesis about the perception of intention in their essay From Acts to Dispositions. Harold Kelley tied together the theoretical foundation of attribution theory in his landmark paper Attribution Theory in Social Psychology in 1967. This paper will identify three key co ncepts comprising attribution theory. Attribution theory describes the processes of explaining events and behavior, and the behavioral and emotional consequences of those explanations. The theory developed within social psychology as a means of dealing with questions of social perception. One of the most influential persons involved in attribution theory, Harold Kelley, reported that attribution theory was significant because When the attributions are appropriate, the person undoubtedly fares better in his decisions and actions than he would in the absence of the causal analysis (Kelley, 1973). This theory has made an astounding impact on modern psychology; "Attribution theory came to rival cognitive dissonance as one of the most imperialistic theories in social psychology. Attribution theory was seen as relevant to the study of person perception, event perception, attitude change, the acquisition of self-knowledge, thera...

Wardens and Guardians

Wardens and Guardians Wardens and Guardians Wardens and Guardians By Maeve Maddox A discussion prompted by Daniel’s word of the day ward put me in mind of one of my favorite etymological factoids: the relationship between words like warden and guardian. English suffers a bad rap for its spelling, but the variety of spellings is an inevitable side effect of the richness of vocabulary acquired by borrowing words from different languages at different periods of history. From 1066 until about 1250, English and French were spoken side by side in England. Then, because of political changes, the French-speaking ruling class shifted to English. The words warden and guardian are good examples of the linguistic mingling that went on between the two languages at that time. Old English had the verb weardian to keep guard, and the noun weard a guard, a watchman, a sentry, Old French had the verb guarder, â€Å"to guard.† Speakers of Norman French were people who had been Vikings a hundred years before William of Normandy invaded England in 1066. They brought their own distinctive pronunciations to French. One peculiarity was that Normans tended to pronounce the letter combination gu– as w-. For example, Old French guarder, â€Å"to guard,† became warder in Norman French. However, Parisian French kept the gu spelling and pronunciation. As a result, English ended up with words derived from both forms The OED gives numerous meanings for the word warden, including one that is identical to one of its definitions for guardian. In general usage, however, a guardian is a â€Å"protector,† while a â€Å"warden† is a â€Å"keeper.† A similar pair of words is warranty and guarantee. Both words have the sense of an assurance that a certain standard of quality or integrity will be upheld. As a legal term, warranty means n. a written statement of good quality of merchandise, clear title to real estate or that a fact stated in a contract is true. An express warranty is a definite written statement and implied warranty is based on the circumstances surrounding the sale or the creation of the contract. Law.com A new car comes with a warranty. If anything goes wrong with the car during a specified period, the warranty is a document that entitles the owner to have the problem corrected without charge. The word guarantee is often used as a synonym for warranty. However, a guarantee can be something more concrete. Warring sides might exchange hostages as a guarantee that neither will fight during an agreed period of truce. A parent might confiscate a child’s cell phone as a guarantee that he won’t be texting instead of doing homework. Etymology nerds can have fun looking for modern French words beginning with gu that correspond to English words beginning with w-. For example: war/guerre: Old English wyrre; Norman French werre; Modern French guerre. And of course there’s William the Conqueror whom the French refer to as Guillaume le Conquà ©rant. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:100 Idioms About Numbers"Certified" and "Certificated"50 Plain-Language Substitutions for Wordy Phrases

Gay and Lesbian Should allowed to become foster parent and adoption Personal Statement

Gay and Lesbian Should allowed to become foster parent and adoption - Personal Statement Example This led to a practice of adoption among gay and lesbian people for a want to care and nurture a child. â€Å"Discussion and debate about adoption and foster care by gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) parents occurs frequently among policymakers, social service agencies, and social workers. The government report shows that an estimated 65,500 adopted children and 14,100 foster children living with gay and lesbian parents†(Gates,2007) The recent surveys have revealed that, considerable amount of homosexuals have adopted children and is leading a fairly good life. However, there are also arguments against the homosexuals adopting and raising children on their own. This could be mainly due to the image the homosexuals have in the society of being ill- mannered and degraded. They are a subject of taboo, and are looked upon as an alien due to their sexual orientation and way of living. Nevertheless, they too have the desire to fondle a child and be a caring parent. So it is very impo rtant to understand their emotional status and allot them the status of being a parent to bring harmony and happiness in their life. â€Å"A good foster home has two happy, contented adults with time enough to pay attention to a foster child†(Mc Nair,35) Work Cited Blatt, Susan Mc Nair. A guidebook for raising foster children. 1st. West Port: Bergin & Garvey, 2000. 35. Print. Gates, Gary.

Global warminig Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Global warminig - Essay Example Greenhouse effect has caused a lot of uncertainties and therefore most governments have signed the Kyoto Protocol aimed at controlling the greenhouse gas emission.2 Global warming is mainly caused by the greenhouse gases. The main greenhouse gas causing it water which is in vapor form which account for 30%-70% of the greenhouse effect, others are carbon dioxide which accounts for 9%-26%, methane, ozone and sulfate aerosols. Carbon dioxide and methane production have increased by 149% and 31% since 1750.3 Scientists have agreed that this is mainly due to mans activity of poor land management, especially due to cutting down of trees. The issue of industrial revolution has also lead increased carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Other causes of global warming are the natural and internal processes on the earth's surface such as the solar activity and volcanic emission. Meaning that even if mans activity could cease, global ceasing could still continue.4 Global warming cause water to evaporate into the atmosphere and since water is a greenhouse gas it leads to more increased global warming. This cause the cycle to continue. The result is that the humidity is increased. Global warming has caused the temperatures on the earth surface to rise and this has made the earth more inhabitable.

The Relationship between the Director and Directee Essay

The Relationship between the Director and Directee - Essay Example This in essence means that spiritual directors should have love for their spiritual directees. In the video, we also learn that good spiritual directors should be humble and should not impose their views or their wishes on their spiritual directee; this point is actually supported by Barry and Connolly when they say that humbleness is one of the pre-requisite of good spiritual direction. Again, we learn from the video that good spiritual directors should be competent in their work, and that they should have a good grasp of the teachings of the church; this view is supported by Barry and Connolly when they say that competent spiritual directors should undergo specialized training meant to prepare them for the ministry of spiritual direction. The other important point that we learn from the video is that competent spiritual direction requires confidentiality on the part of the spiritual director; in the video, we find Fr. Cain as the spiritual director quite confident in his work in di recting Virginia Blass, his spiritual directee. Lastly, we learn from the video that a good spiritual director should be a good listener, this view is emphasised by Barry and Connolly in their writing. In this interview, my interviewee is Pastor Eric Brown. Pastor Brown has been involved in the ministry of spiritual direction for the last five years. The following is a summary of my conversation with Pastor Brown. Answer: I recognized my call to the ministry of spiritual direction after being a pastor for five years. Before I became a spiritual director, I was involved in the ministry of preaching the word and I had travelled to many places preaching the word, including to places like Africa and India. During this time, many people whom I preached to inquired from me how they could know the ways of the Lord in their lives. After reflecting for quite a long time about how I could help

Movie Indusrty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Movie Indusrty - Research Paper Example Indeed, The Economist (2010) noted that the industry â€Å"churns out about 50 full-length features a week, making it the world’s second most prolific film industry after India’s Bollywood.† In fact, the Hala Gorani reported that the industry was starting to catch up with Hollywood (Inside Africa, 2004). While the industry may be the most prolific, the quality of the movies is incomparable to the quality Hollywood produces. Jeff Koinange, reporting on location during a movie set, quipped that the â€Å"movie set hardly stands up to its wealthier and distant cousin (Inside Africa, 2004). In this regard, the distant and wealthy cousin is Hollywood, which indicates that Nollywoods budget is one of the cheapest used to shoot a movie. Furthermore, Koinange noted, â€Å"The props are cheap, the setup amateur, and the paychecks laughable† (Inside Africa, 2004). In conclusion, Nigeria’s movie industry has become one of the most productive in the world and especially in Africa. With the movies playing in clubs, restaurants, and in various other African settings, most Africans identify with the themes in the movies and effectively making the industry famous. In addition, it is evident that the industry employs mane Nigerians directly during production and indirectly during the sale of the movie. Nevertheless, the industry has gained fame, and it might catch up with Hollywood one

Evaluating the impact of international environmental laws on oil and Essay - 1

Evaluating the impact of international environmental laws on oil and gas - Essay Example GEP-Oil is under attack from environment conservation agencies on its oil exploratory methods.This has led to the firm abandoning oil exploratory activities by GEP-Oil which has been operating in the Russian northern hemisphere. Oil exploration in the northern hemisphere is exceedingly complicated and an extremely expensive investment and GEP-Oil had entered into partnerships with investors from out of state in order to be able to explore for oil reserves in the arctic region. The effects of the attack by the environmental groups will mean that the firm cannot and will not be able to meet its obligations to its partners. On the other hand, GEP-Oil cannot ignore the issues that have been raised against it because it wants to be conformable to environmental protection practices and also wants good partnership and trust with the local community. This means that GEP-Oil must carefully and quickly address the situation to resume its oil exploration as soon as possible. Recommendation(s) G EP-Oil should be able to address the issue while involving the relevant stake holders in the process. This will mean that GEP-Oil will have to closely work with environmental groups in order to ensure that their issues and concerns are well addressed. This will also mean that GEP-Oil will need to involve the local communities in order to also ensure that their concerns are also taken care of. By doing this, GEP-Oil will be able to overcome the challengers posed by the situation as well as mintage any risk of the situation happening again. 1. Background of the issue The issue of environmental degradation caused by the oil exploration is one that every oil exploration firm should be able to look at carefully. GEP-Oil has found itself in the midst of the issue and this threatens to interfere with the operations and the success of the firm. GEP-Oil has being accused by environmental agencies of being careless in the way it carries out its exploratory activities. Because of this, GEP-Oil has been affected in the way it operates because it has stopped some of its operations in order to deal with the situation first. This scenario is threatening to kill the numerous employment opportunities that the firm affords the residents. GEP-Oil is also likely to lose its reputation because this has affected its ability to continue with its obligations which it owes its partners in business. On the other hand, GEP-Oil does not want to create the wrong impression within the community it operates and this has meant that the firm has to tread extremely carefully around the matter. In this paper, these issues are addressed in detail and alternatives to dealing with the situation are taken. 2. Impact of Oil/Gas Production on the Environment According to Mushkat (87) businesses are seen to promote environmental degradation by the very fact that they promote economic activity. The exploration and production of oil leads to a damage of the environment and this means that producers of o il will have to take necessary measures to mitigate the damage done to the environment. GEP-Oil will have to understand this in solving its current situation. There are a number of ways in which GEP-Oil can remedy the situation and convince environmental groups to accept that it needs to go on with oil production in the arctic region. One of this is sustainable development. As Beyerlin (2011, p. 84) says, sustainable development refers to the fact that natural resources should be exploited in a way that leaves no or little damage to the environment. This law is recognizant of the fact that exploitation of natural resources will have to be done in order for survival of human beings on the planet. This will be GEP-Oil’s biggest defence against the accusation. Oil is an immensely useful to the community and it is

New Zealand's Building Industry and the Climate Change Essay

New Zealand's Building Industry and the Climate Change - Essay Example Former U.S. vice president and Senator Al Gore (1992) relate how his former college professor, Roger Revelle, initiated sampling and research on the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere in 1958. Revelle showed in 1960 that the increase in the level of CO2 in the atmosphere contributes to the Greenhouse effect. These series of studies by Revelle sparked awareness among people about the dangers of global warming and since then it has been quite an issue among environmentalists, scientists and common people alike. Â  According to The Earth Works Group (1989), The Greenhouse Effect is not all that destructive. In fact, it is a natural, beneficial process that prevents the Earth from freezing. The natural greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere prevent heat from escaping into space thus warming the Earth. However, throughout the years, industry and other human activities have increased the volume of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting into the destruction of the ozone layer and the eventual superheating of the Earth's surface. Â  There are many variants of the modern global warming theory; among these is the theory that states that the so-called global warming that the Earth is experiencing right now is within tolerable boundaries. ... Â  and for fossil fuels and the increased rate of industrialization has accelerated the release of huge amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The office also noted that due to these circumstances, the Earth's surface temperatures predicted to rise anywhere from 1.4 to 5.8 C, which could lead to other drastic climatic changes such as droughts, sea level rise, great variances in temperature, flash floods etc. Climate Change Group, on the other hand, states that in New Zealand, temperatures are likely to increase faster in the Northern parts than those in the South through the increase in temperature is less than in other parts of the Earth. Other climate changes that are predicted by the group are increased the volume of rainfall, fewer cold days in the winter and hotter days during the summer. The Climate Change Group has also noted the direct impacts of agricultural practices on climate changes. As new concepts in agricultu re are introduced, the risk of flood, droughts and pestilence increase leading to more agricultural loses. Gore (1992) elaborated the effects of agriculture on the climate, claiming that although the world's population has increased in direct proportion to the rate of increase in the development of agriculture. In 1992 for example, the world's population has ballooned to 5.5 billion people in that year alone and is expected to grow to up to 9 billion in the year 2032. More people equal more food and another resource would have to be consumed and by this, some do equate resource acquisition with resource abuse and environmental degradation. Â  

Movie Indusrty Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Movie Indusrty - Research Paper Example Indeed, The Economist (2010) noted that the industry â€Å"churns out about 50 full-length features a week, making it the world’s second most prolific film industry after India’s Bollywood.† In fact, the Hala Gorani reported that the industry was starting to catch up with Hollywood (Inside Africa, 2004). While the industry may be the most prolific, the quality of the movies is incomparable to the quality Hollywood produces. Jeff Koinange, reporting on location during a movie set, quipped that the â€Å"movie set hardly stands up to its wealthier and distant cousin (Inside Africa, 2004). In this regard, the distant and wealthy cousin is Hollywood, which indicates that Nollywoods budget is one of the cheapest used to shoot a movie. Furthermore, Koinange noted, â€Å"The props are cheap, the setup amateur, and the paychecks laughable† (Inside Africa, 2004). In conclusion, Nigeria’s movie industry has become one of the most productive in the world and especially in Africa. With the movies playing in clubs, restaurants, and in various other African settings, most Africans identify with the themes in the movies and effectively making the industry famous. In addition, it is evident that the industry employs mane Nigerians directly during production and indirectly during the sale of the movie. Nevertheless, the industry has gained fame, and it might catch up with Hollywood one

New Zealand's Building Industry and the Climate Change Essay

New Zealand's Building Industry and the Climate Change - Essay Example Former U.S. vice president and Senator Al Gore (1992) relate how his former college professor, Roger Revelle, initiated sampling and research on the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere in 1958. Revelle showed in 1960 that the increase in the level of CO2 in the atmosphere contributes to the Greenhouse effect. These series of studies by Revelle sparked awareness among people about the dangers of global warming and since then it has been quite an issue among environmentalists, scientists and common people alike. Â  According to The Earth Works Group (1989), The Greenhouse Effect is not all that destructive. In fact, it is a natural, beneficial process that prevents the Earth from freezing. The natural greenhouse gases in Earth's atmosphere prevent heat from escaping into space thus warming the Earth. However, throughout the years, industry and other human activities have increased the volume of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, resulting into the destruction of the ozone layer and the eventual superheating of the Earth's surface. Â  There are many variants of the modern global warming theory; among these is the theory that states that the so-called global warming that the Earth is experiencing right now is within tolerable boundaries. ... Â  and for fossil fuels and the increased rate of industrialization has accelerated the release of huge amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, carbon monoxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. The office also noted that due to these circumstances, the Earth's surface temperatures predicted to rise anywhere from 1.4 to 5.8 C, which could lead to other drastic climatic changes such as droughts, sea level rise, great variances in temperature, flash floods etc. Climate Change Group, on the other hand, states that in New Zealand, temperatures are likely to increase faster in the Northern parts than those in the South through the increase in temperature is less than in other parts of the Earth. Other climate changes that are predicted by the group are increased the volume of rainfall, fewer cold days in the winter and hotter days during the summer. The Climate Change Group has also noted the direct impacts of agricultural practices on climate changes. As new concepts in agricultu re are introduced, the risk of flood, droughts and pestilence increase leading to more agricultural loses. Gore (1992) elaborated the effects of agriculture on the climate, claiming that although the world's population has increased in direct proportion to the rate of increase in the development of agriculture. In 1992 for example, the world's population has ballooned to 5.5 billion people in that year alone and is expected to grow to up to 9 billion in the year 2032. More people equal more food and another resource would have to be consumed and by this, some do equate resource acquisition with resource abuse and environmental degradation. Â  

Is Jealousy Ever a Good Thing Essay Example for Free

Is Jealousy Ever a Good Thing Essay Jealousy has always been one of the meanest quality of mankind. What is worse is that, it is almost inevitable. In one way or another, jealousy enters our lives, naturally and sometimes unconsciously, creating suffering for ourselves and others. As events from history and daily life have shown, human’s failure to stay away from this instinct has led to ruined relationships, suffering for everyone involved, and even demoralization. Let’s take Cesare Borgia as an example of how dangerous jealousy is to human. As the oldest son of the powerful Pope Alexander VI of Vatican, Cesare is said to have everything, from wealth to land and power. Compared to his brother Giovanni, however, Cesare himself felt inferior. He was sick of seeing Giovanni taking away from him beautiful women and more affection from the Pope, as well as losing more important military duties and national honor in to his brother. In situations like this, it is human nature to feel jealous, but Cesare’s extreme envy led him to kill his brother. Now having gained absolute power, it is ironic that Cesare was still not happy. His father was so upset that he imprisoned himself in a palace for a long time, and Cesare was detested by Giovanni’s wife and many family members. From the story, it is startling how jealousy can make people do crazy things and turn brotherhood into rivalry, degrading moral values and causing agony to everyone. Daily life proves to be a huge source of evidences for the negative effects of jealousy. I feel sad to see the way some of my friends at school treat each other like rivals. Because of excessive competitiveness in academics, the scene of some classmates making fun of somebody else’s low grade is not uncommon. I am astonished at the way many students turn so indifferent whenever I ask them for help with my homework, and the way they wish each other to fail exams so that they can climb to the top of the class. People may argue that being jealous of others’ success gives them extra determination. They must have not realized that friendship is more important than superficial achievements. By being jealous, they actually develop a selfish attitude, and sacrifice what may have become their lifelong friendships. Among the many ways to achieve our goals, being jealous is absolutely the worst one, for proofs from both history and daily life have shown that it can destroy friendships and creates rivalry. Unless people can avoid it and take others’ success as a model and motivation for themselves to make progress, they will never have what they want.

Gothic Revival and Neoclassicism Architecture in Churches

Gothic Revival and Neoclassicism Architecture in Churches Gothic Revival and Neoclassicism were strong architectural movements which occurred during the mid 18th to the end of the 19th century. In Wellington, these two architectural movements can be seen through the churches of Old Saint Pauls (OSP) which is a Gothic Revival church and Metropolitan Cathedral of the Sacred Heart (MCSH) which is a neoclassical building. Reverend Frederick Thatcher (1814 1890) designed Old Saint Pauls church in 1866. He was born in Hastings, England and came to New Zealand in 1843. His influences for designing the church were by the ecclesiastical movement and he strongly supported their theories of letting every material used being real and that Gothic architecture is the only true architecture (Alington, 26) Francis (Frank) William Petre (1847-1918) designed Metropolitan Cathedral of the Sacred Heart. Petre was born in Lower Hutt in the North Island. He had strong family connections to the Saint Marys Cathedral (Gothic Revival Church) which had been burnt down in a fire in 1898. This made Petre to design a new Cathedral in MCSH to mark the site of the burnt down church. Although, MCSH is a neoclassical church and construction started in 1899 and was completed in 1901. Petre was influenced by Pugin as gothic was his first love but later moved into classical basilica design because it was a lower cost and for structural sustainability. Approaching OSP externally, I felt that the church seemed to be slightly hidden behind the large trees which obstructed parts of the church at eye level. I could have walked past the building without noticing that it was a church as it was so homely. Mulgrave Street is the road running in front of the church and it is placed on ground level with no major slopes or elevation. (See Figure 1 for exterior illustration) The original clients of the church were British Anglican worshippers and Ecclesiology in church architecture was important during this period in time and the worshippers would have responded to the building with pride as it symbolised British dominance. Todays users are majorly still Anglican worshippers and the growing number of worshippers mean that the church would be used more than at the time that it was initially built. On the other hand, approaching MCSH was a contrast to approaching OSP. A dominant grand building standing tall on a raised platform rose as I walked towards it. The six exterior ionic pillars with immense pedestals which are larger than an average human really made me feel discrete and powerless. This adds an authoritive label to the church. (See Figure 2 for exterior illustration) Catholic worshippers were the original clients and the same remains today. The two distinctly different churches were designed by their architects deliberately to show the different faiths being practised at each church and how specific elements reveal this. This paper addresses how the ordering principles of the columns in both Metropolitan Cathedral and Old St Pauls reveal that the architects planned the structural element not just for functional demands, but to compliment aesthetic values as well. Columns are essential building elements which are used both in OSP and MCSH. In OSP the basic function of the square base column is to support the ribs of the vaults. In MCSH the internal ionic columns are placed to support the altar canopy in the sanctuary area. The columns in each church add to the overall experience with ones individual personal relationship with god. Approaching through the sideway entry at OSP creates an extra anxious wait for seeing the internal of the church at a full scale. There is a true definite emotional aspect walking through the entrance as it somehow silently makes one go on a journey, a journey to God. The columns are noticeable because they are placed near the seating area by the nave so therefore when sitting down looking towards the chancel, the view is filled with the columns alongside the nave with the presence of artificial light inside the church. Although, with purely natural light coming into the church the columns are certainly no distraction when looking at the chancel area because of the dimness created by the stained glass windows. To an extent hides the tall columns and the focus of the eye is upon the chancel due to the maximum natural light in the church being maintained in this area. Margaret Alington reinforces: quality of light within the building is dim, however, as a Neo- Gothicists believed that this was suitable for their style of architecture†¦Natural light leaves Old St Pauls feeling gloomy additional lighting is directed throughout the nave and chancel areas (47). Today, approaching into MCSH is similar to the entering into OSP because the new entrance is perpendicular to the sanctuary area and the internal columns appear when looking towards the chancel. Two main ionic columns which support the altar canopy but there are other decorative purpose ionic columns like structures attached to the arched walls. This can be misleading because they are not classified as architectural columns because they do not support anything. The white columns in the altar from far have a very powerful and elegant look because it holds the canopy in which a painting of Jesus placed underneath. From a closer view, the size of the columns really did place my perspective in scale and the details of the Ionic order appeared more clearly. Historian Margaret Alington explains that one of the most striking features of the Gothic style is the relationship between structure and appearance. They are as one (32). This is portrayed through the columns in OSP. Alington also states that: it is from these columns that the ribs appear to grow. At their beginning, the ribs encase the columns, and at a greater height do they become elements on their own right (38). Thatcher designed the column set up this way to follow the Gothic tradition of emphasising height. Alington further mentions that the continuation of the columns, the ribs add to the organic feeling of the vertical growth which the building possess (38). The Christian soul experiences uplift as the height of the building is symbolic during worship (38). This is an example of the column contributing to the building in physical terms as well as showing historical ideas that they can be seen as being representative of. (See figure 3 for ribs growing from column). Internally, the Ionic order columns are employed by Petre in MCSH to support up the altar canopy. The Ionic column is historically defined by Italian architects, as one of three orders built by the Greeks. Many structures are seen portraying Ionic columns, and examples are seen throughout the world. The Coliseum in Rome, Italy shows a simple Ionic column that has lasted since the original construction in 1st Century AD. The Erechtheion in Athens, Greece is also exhibiting the Ionic column. Dating back to the building of these structures, the Ionic column was an obvious favourite, when trying to communicate strength and dignity. Dr Fil Hearn describes the ionic capital as being faintly evocative of feminine curls but abstractly decorative all the same (110). This explains that Petre wanted to exhibit strength and dignity to the church but at the same time have a decorative quality to it. This relates to a respectful relationship with God where as in OSP it is a more personal one. (See figure 4 columns supporting altar canopy). Gothic architecture is unique in its use of materials. Alington mentions that: In medieval Europe, the building material was stone- usually limestone, frequently sandstone and occasionally granite. This heavy material was made to soar to great heights and to feel light in gothic spires (66). Although, stone is rare in New Zealand but timber is an available resource and the gothic style of England was adapted into this material (66). Thatcher cleverly manipulated the new wooden elements used inside the church as a substitute to stone. New Zealand rimu timber is used for the square base columns inside OSP which lead into the ribbed vaults which are also made from rimu. Rimu can be used in interior situations for a variety of elements, without the need for treatment from decay. Alington writes the English settlers bought with them the style and technologies of their mother country (66). The natural browns of rimu are present in the columns. This also gives a homely effect which ultimately plays with ones senses and leads to a worship of personal qualities. (See figure 5 for colour palette). As an effect of running my hands down a column, the smooth texture of wood is an indication that it has been varnished and handled very carefully. On the other hand MCSH has been made out a much harder structural material. It has a red brick and masonry exterior and white Oamaru stone in the interior, also plastered pilasters and concrete was used for greater strength and is weather resistant. My conclusions of why stone is used for the ionic columns in MCSH and in neoclassical buildings are because of the solidity of the stone. It adds to the overall effect of the building of representing strength and dignity as this was a key prospect in classical architecture. Also, the painting of Jesus under the altar canopy needs to have a strong support by the columns. This is symbolic in a way because the ionic columns act as the strength of the church as this may be the importance for the shelter of Jesus Christ. The architects of both churches purposely used ordering principles to position the columns to create, axis, symmetry, hierarchy, rhythm and repetition. Both churches include ordering principles which overall create an emotional experience on the worshipper of each respective church. Some aesthetic values are also created in this process. Geometry formed the basis of gothic art (Alington, 54). Thatcher designed OSP with series of squares. Also the repetition of equilateral triangles were employed by Thatcher to symbolise the Trinity, and the quatrefoil being symbolic of Matthew, Mark, Luke and John, the four evangelists (Alington, 60). (See figure 6 for plan) The forms and spaces of any building should acknowledge the hierarchy inherent in the functions they accommodate, the users they serve, the purpose or meaning they convey, and the scope or context they address (Ching, 320). Ching is addressing to the fact that forms and spaces should have a purpose in a building and they must portray a meaning and this is what is done in OSP by Thatcher. The placement of the columns creates an axis running through the centre of the nave and this also establishes a symmetrical arrangement of the columns and space. Ching states that a symmetrical condition cannot exist without implying the existence of an axis (330). A hierarchy of the chancel area is also formed by the columns creating a visual direction to look towards when sitting down. This hierarchy is formed by size and placement. dominate an architectural composition by being significantly different in size (339), the focus of a centralised or radial organisation (339). Rhythm refers to any movement characterised by a patterned recurrence of elements at regular intervals (356). This is true because of the pattern made by the columns in OSP as they are placed at regular intervals on either side of the nave. This cre ates a sense of order and is pleasing to the eye as one walks into the church. (See figure 7 for plan). The Classical language of architecture adheres to notions of natural order and beauty through harmony and discipline and Petre addresses this in MCSH. Symmetry and harmony is achieved by using balanced axis through the building. Everything is perfectly balanced (or was until the restoration and additions in the 1980s).Each part of the building stands a mirror image of the other part from macro to the micro. This creates symmetry which is very aesthetically pleasing. Ching mentions that radiating elements such as the composition can be divided into similar halves along a central axis (330). The windows also match up to their opposites. Entrances into the building stand opposite the entrance to the sanctuary. Nothing is random or asymmetrical. The two columns supporting the altar canopy creates the hierarchy point because the main painting of Jesus is placed underneath the altar. Also because there are only two proper columns inside MCSH, the rest which are decorative illusions are pl aced against the arched walls. (See figure 8 for plan) In comparison, OSP and MCSH have numerous ordering principles although, MCSH has a very controlled and dignified march to the focus of the Sanctuary which is first manipulated by the narrow columnisation at the exterior portico, with a pace that makes you hurry. MCSH holds a more disciplined order through the arrangement of elements than OSP. For aesthetic considerations Petre used the golden section in MCSH. The Greeks recognised the dominating role the Golden sections and the proportions of the human bodythey utilised this proportions in their temple structures (Ching, 286) The golden section/ratio is also used in the ionic column. The base end of the ionic column is 0.618 time larger than the top end. This creates a perfect balance for the element which creates visually pleasing qualities and supposedly to be the perfect building ratio. The golden section is not only present in the columns but also in the whole church itself. The external face of MCSH is all presented through this ratio and also the floor and ceiling all use this rule. This symbolises authority through perfection and order and impacts worship activities in many ways. The sense of perfection and order in MCSH discards any sense of private discovery of god because everything has been discovered through the perfection of the building. Similarly, the original floor plan of OSP is based on this golden section. Although that is the only aspect of the golden section used in this church and aesthetic values thrive through the arrangement of elements as discussed before. Thatcher and Petre planned the columns to fit ordering principles which suited functional demands and complimented aesthetic values too. Overall, OSP demonstrates the Neo-Gothic style, following the ecclesiological society and MCSH demonstrates the Neo classical style following the Ionic order effectively. The functional demand of the columns in MCSH is to support the altar canopy of which the main painting of Jesus is placed under and therefore serves an important role in the church. Meanwhile is OSP the columns are present to support the rubbed vaults which ultimately holds the church up. Thatcher and Petre use ordering principles such as axis, symmetry, hierarchy, rhythm and repetition to show reason for each respectable church and to create aesthetic properties as well. Aesthetics values were also evident through the use of the golden mean and this was employed in both churches. The columns presented in both churches contribute to each of the buildings in physical terms as well as the historical ideas that they can be seen as being representative of. The two architectural movements (Gothic revival and Neo-classica l) in the 18th and 19th century were evident in both churches and Thatcher and Petre can be proud with their creation of both churches as it is a place for many worshippers today.

Functions of Management Essay -- Business Management

There is no one definition for the term management. However, Fayol (1916) defined the term management as; â€Å"To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control.† Mc Ilwee.T and Roberts I, (1991): p.g117 Management is not standardized and is undertaken at all levels of the organization, as it is an integrating activity. Managers have to manage in order to achieve the overall objectives and strategy of the firm. All firms are seeking effective managers, and the quality of management is a key element of business success. The four functions of management are essential to building strong teams and stronger organizations. Common to all managers, the four functions are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The aforementioned functions of the manager are the activities, which all managers must perform regardless of the industry, the level, the title, or the activity in which engaged. In this paper we will be examining all four of these ingredients and then we will apply them to real world examples. These four things are used any time when initiating a new project or dealing with any change, which we all know is constant. A lot of us may be all ready using or have seen others, but just never noticed it or didn't know how to identify the methods. Let us start by looking at the definitions and examples of each. Planning Planning is the function of â€Å"doing.† It’s the first management function both because it lays the groundwork for all o...

Artworks Review :: essays research papers

In the Piece created by Robert Colecott entitled the â€Å"Bilingual Cop,† a cop is positioned in the center of the work standing behind a brick wall. The cop is yelling racial slurs at two men who are passed out; one man is an African American and he is leaning up against a trash can and positioned to the left of the cop, there is also a Hispanic man passed out and leaning up against a cactus which is positioned to the right of the cop. A thick yellow line that was painted on the ground separates the men from each other. On the African American man’s side of the line there are animals such as a rat, cat, and a mouse placed by him. On the Hispanic man’s side there is a lizard, jack rabbit and a goat laying on the ground, and the animals look abstract. On each side of the dividing line, there is a skull. On the left side of the line there is a human skull, and on the right side of the line there is a cow skull On the African American man’s side, there is a city in the background. Behind the city is a set of pyramids, among them is a view of a sunset or sunrise. On the Hispanic man’s side there is a small village in the background, and behind that is a set of volcanic mountains. In between the set of mountains, there is a sun setting or rising, and the scene looks very picturesque. The art work is composed of both organic, and geometric shapes. An example of an organic shape that is in the piece would be the cactus, and an example of a geometric shape would be the bricks that make up the wall, and the pyramids in the work. The artist used an very interesting combination of colors when he created both sunsets or 2 sunrises, and the use of chiaro scuro is evident, and there is also allot of value exhibited throughout the work. The piece was created in 1995, and is a acrylic on canvas. The dimensions are 90 by 144 inches, and the time of day of the artwork is either early morning or just before sunset. The work is abstract, because things from real life are twisted around and made different. The colors that were mostly used through out the piece are reds, browns, and greens. In the Painting entitled â€Å"Triumph of Christianity,† the first thing viewers will notice is Jesus, who’s arms are open and stretch clear across the canvas, he is positioned at the top center of the piece. Artworks Review :: essays research papers In the Piece created by Robert Colecott entitled the â€Å"Bilingual Cop,† a cop is positioned in the center of the work standing behind a brick wall. The cop is yelling racial slurs at two men who are passed out; one man is an African American and he is leaning up against a trash can and positioned to the left of the cop, there is also a Hispanic man passed out and leaning up against a cactus which is positioned to the right of the cop. A thick yellow line that was painted on the ground separates the men from each other. On the African American man’s side of the line there are animals such as a rat, cat, and a mouse placed by him. On the Hispanic man’s side there is a lizard, jack rabbit and a goat laying on the ground, and the animals look abstract. On each side of the dividing line, there is a skull. On the left side of the line there is a human skull, and on the right side of the line there is a cow skull On the African American man’s side, there is a city in the background. Behind the city is a set of pyramids, among them is a view of a sunset or sunrise. On the Hispanic man’s side there is a small village in the background, and behind that is a set of volcanic mountains. In between the set of mountains, there is a sun setting or rising, and the scene looks very picturesque. The art work is composed of both organic, and geometric shapes. An example of an organic shape that is in the piece would be the cactus, and an example of a geometric shape would be the bricks that make up the wall, and the pyramids in the work. The artist used an very interesting combination of colors when he created both sunsets or 2 sunrises, and the use of chiaro scuro is evident, and there is also allot of value exhibited throughout the work. The piece was created in 1995, and is a acrylic on canvas. The dimensions are 90 by 144 inches, and the time of day of the artwork is either early morning or just before sunset. The work is abstract, because things from real life are twisted around and made different. The colors that were mostly used through out the piece are reds, browns, and greens. In the Painting entitled â€Å"Triumph of Christianity,† the first thing viewers will notice is Jesus, who’s arms are open and stretch clear across the canvas, he is positioned at the top center of the piece.

Human Genetic Engineering Research: Where to draw the line

Abstract Human genetic engineering is the manipulation of an individual's genotype with the goal of choosing the phenotype (Singers 1). This has already been a very controversial issue when it has been done on animals, but tampering with humans takes this issue to a whole different level. It holds the promise of curing genetic diseases like cystic fibrosis and improving the immunity of people to viruses (Conner 4). However, it also opens up a whole new world where the laws of nature can be broken.Parents can choose to change the gender of their baby; they can choose to change their appearance, and they can even choose to change the mental faculties of their baby like memory and intelligence (Sanded 1). This seems like something out of a science fiction movie but with our rapidly increasing technology, it is definitely more than a possibility. The genetic engineering of humans can be the greatest thing to ever happen to us, however, such power can lead to corruption and cause us to re gress as beings. Are we trying to make the world a better place for each other or are we Just making the world more superficial or should I say artificial?That's the main question that is asked as the intriguing issue of human genetic engineering is further evaluated. Human Genetic Engineering: Where to Draw the Line Perfection is something that human beings really haven't been able to relate to very well, but thanks to our rapidly advancing technology, that could all change. Human genetic engineering may be the breakthrough we need to tear down the walls that keep us from being perfect. However, there are many questions that need to be answered and things that need to be considered before we attempt to break through the walls.For instance, what if those walls are there for a reason? What if those walls aren't supposed to be torn down? Maybe they are there to protect us from perfection or perhaps protect perfection from us. A disease-free world sounds good to everyone but what about a world where parents can actually design their own child? What if not only the sex of the baby could be chosen by parents but also the hair color, eye color, intelligence, and even their talents (Sanded 1)? This is the path that human genetic engineering is leading us to; however, our main concern should be where that path will end.Human genetic engineering should be used only to cure diseases or other disabilities and not to the extent where we start treating human life like a computer game. We all should strive to be perfect but we should also have a certain level of respect for life and the lessons it teaches us. Otherwise our quest for perfection will only lead us into destruction. Jacqueline Vaughn Sister's article Assistance and Treatment is about the struggle disabled people go through to fit into society. They are stereotyped as pitiful and pathetic and they are often discriminated against (Sweeter 3).There seems to be a prevailing belief in our society where people who ar e â€Å"in need of charity are thought to be incapable of living the same life as others† (Sweeter 3). Because of these beliefs and stereotypes, the progress to fully include the handicapped in American life made even more difficult (Sweeter 3). The disabled are a minority group and they have fought hard to be recognized as one, however, there's no doubt that if every handicap had a choice they would choose not to be handicapped whether they were being treated equally or not.No one would miss being blind or being deaf. That's why Sweeter, who is raising awareness for the discrimination of handicapped, would agree with the argument that the use of genetic engineering should be limited to curing diseases and disabilities. The cruelty shown towards the handicapped is the exact reason why we shouldn't allow parents to design their children. It will Just leave us with more inequality because our human nature tends not to show humility and respect for those who are less advantaged than us.Jack Donnelley article The Concept of Human Rights explains how humans can have rights naturally. Human rights are supposed to be equal rights (Donnelly 2). Therefore every human being has the same rights (Donnelly 2), but how does this work when relating to children. On one episode of the Steve Wilkes show, there was a transgender man who was upset about being born a woman because his parents decided to go through with a gender selection operation despite being told that he would have more male hormones than female hormones.So this man felt that his rights were violated even though he was still unborn and he's right. You can't force any human to go through a completely unnecessary procedure, so why would the rules change if they're your own kid? Are kids not human too? Parents are supposed to make decisions for the better of their children but this was Just an act of selfishness. Donnelly would agree with the argument that genetic engineering shouldn't be allowed to the ext ent that parents can design their own kids for that very reason. It's unethical, irresponsible, and potentially harmful to the child.Melvin Sooner's article Genetic Enhancement Should Be Left to Personal Choice is about why human genetic engineering should be a personal choice like getting breast implants or taking steroids (Conner 3). He argues that â€Å"there's no intrinsic preference between inserting genes and inserting steroids† (Conner 2). People are always finding ways to enhance life and this is Just another way to do it. He does agree, however, that â€Å"the weightiest moral problem in the quest for perfection is that, it increases inequality' but that doesn't mean we shouldn't complete the quest (Conner 7).Antibiotics at one point were being used irresponsibly, but â€Å"the ethical path is not to stop using them but to use them more Judiciously' (Conner 7). Conner would disagree with the argument that human genetic engineering shouldn't be allowed to the extent that parents can design their babies because he takes a very liberal approach on this issue. The problem with his argument is that he fails to understand that the quest for perfection involves eliminating inequality, not increasing it.If we are increasing inequality, all we're doing is backtracking on the progress we've made as human beings and that's not what we want. Michael Sandal's article Genetically Designing Babies is Unethical explains why human genetic engineering shouldn't be allowed at all. He argues that â€Å"changing our nature to fit the world rather than the other way around is an ethical defeat† and an attack on our freedom (Sanded 6). He looks back at the dark history of eugenics and how it was the driving force behind the Nazi holocaust (Sanded 1).It was done to eliminate all of whom the Nazis considered as undesirables. Sanded argues that in the same way, â€Å"the successful would be even more likely than they are now to see themselves as self-made and self-sufficient, and those at the bottom of society would be seen not as disadvantaged, but simply as unfit† (Sanded 6). Sanded would disagree with the argument that human genetic engineering should be allowed to a certain extent because he is against the whole idea of genetic engineering. What he fails to realize in his argument is that as human beings, we have an obligation to improve our lives.If we can have a cure for the flu or for bronchitis, why not have a cure for blindness, ATA Cash disease, or any other sickness or disability that doctors can do nothing about? Human genetic engineering should only be allowed for use in the medical field to cure diseases and disabilities and not to the point where human life becomes a game. Genetic engineering is a scientific concern, but without boundaries t becomes a moral concern. Life is the most sacred thing anyone can have and it needs to be approached with caution and respect.It is also a great teacher and one of the main lesso ns it tries to teach us is humility. Humility involves accepting others for who they are and plays a key role when it comes to our relationships. When you think about what really matters in life, family and relationships with others tend to come up first which is really no coincidence. The purpose of life seems to be to lift up those around us and genetically designing babies will do the exact opposite of that. Parents who would choose to do this are doing it for cynical and selfish purposes.They are taking the child's freedom away so they can satisfy their own desires and out of those desires will come corruption. That's why a line needs to be drawn about to what extent human genetic engineering can be used. With great power comes great responsibility, so this is something we really can't afford to play around with. If genetic engineering to cure diseases becomes almost accessible as the flu shot, we will be that much closer on our quest to perfection. One day we will get through t hat all, but it's going to take one brick at a time.

Ethical issues Essay

Similarly Newman used a correlation to interpret the findings from his study and found a relationship between undefended space and levels of crime. Correlations cannot show cause and effect, therefore other causes of these findings cannot be ruled out. One other possible explanation may have been that the different estates compared by Newman were simply in high or low crime areas, or that policing tactics of the areas was different. However in contrast Brower et al (1981) used interviews to try and establish how people felt about areas of defensible space. Interviews are a good way of obtaining rich and detailed data, however unlike Newman’s data which was factual (recorded crime figures) interview data is qualitative and needs to be interpreted by the researcher. Inevitably the way this is done may be influenced by the researchers views and therefore biased. In addition to this, as in the research by Mercer, there are issues relating to the honesty of people interviewed and providing socially acceptable responses to be considered. The research by Ley was an observation and therefore, as in Smith’s observation, this research could be argued to have greater ecological validity than research using laboratory methods, however there are problems again of observer bias affecting what is recorded. Also this study used institutionalised delinquents as participants and therefore it is difficult to generalise the results to any other situations, although the findings do have implications for institutions. Ethical issues may be particularly relevant in this study as carrying out observations of institutionalised participants may be a breach of their right to withdraw from the study. It could also be argued that if the observations were carried out by a researcher their presence may have affected the behaviour, on the other hand if video cameras were used covertly there may be a problem in ensuring that all behaviour was observed, in addition to the ethical issues mentioned. Designers and architects could use the research mentioned to ensure that working areas meant for males and females have varied sizes in order to take account of different gender needs for space. When designing housing estates architects need to ensure that the semi public areas are defensible in that they are overlooked and have markers to suggest ownership. They should also include barriers and fenced areas around homes and use plants and foliage as markers. In institutional design it would seem important to use design to clearly mark out areas in order to try and create established boundaries and reduce aggression caused by disorderly space use. It may be possible to include specific time slots for prisoners to use semi public areas to help reduce any aggression caused by dominance of most desirable areas.

Sustainable Works Reflection Prompt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sustainable Works Reflection Prompt - Essay Example The ethics of this program is to sensitize every individual to take good care of their environment, making it a better place than they found it. It aims at instilling a sense of responsibility, which is crucial for the survival of every human being. When we accustom ourselves to doing such kind acts as ensuring good waste disposal, conserving energy that is not in use, and increasing the forest cover, I think we shall be preparing a green world for generations to come. This program anchors on the philosophy of moral ethics for the betterment of the society in general. The program has a strong correlation with the philosophy theories that I was learning and debating together with my classmates in that, both gear their principles towards persuading the human mind into accepting and practicing certain beliefs, opinions and ideas. While philosophy communicates to us the opinions, ideas, and beliefs of scholars and great thinkers, sustainable works program imparts on us great ideas that c an enable us live harmoniously with our environment. I strongly believe that philosophy study refines our intelligence and boosts our intellectual growth, but we cannot be intellectuals who do very little about their immediate environment. At this particular point, I must admit that the decision I made to join the sustainable works program really transformed my philosophical perception, especially in matters dealing with the environment. Before joining the program, I used to think that the role of environmental protection and sustainable growth solely rested on governments and concerned institutions. Philosophically, I now accord the environment the same essence that I accord human beings. I view human beings, plants, and animals as valuable creatures that deserve the same level of gratification and protection. In my view, any undertaking of sustainable work should not favor the thriving of some these creatures while at the same time, having adverse effect on others. This, I believe , goes against the moral responsibilities of philosophy. Politically, sustainable works program has challenged my inclination and adherence to the environmental sustainability acts and policies. When it comes to the emotional aspect, my compassion for sustainable growth and development has flared, owing to the close association and relationship I now have with the ecosystem. Succinctly, my overall perception of the environment has changed. While undertaking the program, I noticed some of my colleagues with whom we were in the same group react in a manner that suggested that the subject t matter, that is the Sustainable work program, astounded them. This was especially so because most of them were culprits whose activities were counterproductive to environmental sustainability. I think all of us were enthusiastic and a bit nervous because as philosophy students, we studied, and inculcated the thoughts, opinions, ideas, beliefs of great thinkers but one thing we were forgetting was th e ideas, and opinions of those passion were environmentally oriented. I regrettably consider this as an appreciable oversight that is worth noting. Sustainable works program entails several aspects, some of which may be fascinating, especially for first time learners. Nevertheless, one thing I found interesting was the issue of sustainable waste management. Virtually all activities of human endeavors generate wastes, some of which m

THE THEORIES BEHIND MANAGEMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

THE THEORIES BEHIND MANAGEMENT - Essay Example It should be unequivocally stressed that managers who have applied management theory in there daily operations have high chances of accomplishing both personal and organizational objective. To address this subject, the study paper will carry on along the following field: management will have to be defined for reasons of theoretical clarity; management functions, objectives, goals, and essentials will be underscored; reasons to study management theory will be named; and the various management theories, the centre of the paper, will be discussed at length; and lastly "the way forward" in terms of a conclusion will be provided Management is defined as the art or science, of attaining objectives through individuals. Because managers also oversee, management can be understood to mean literally as "looking over" - i.e. ensuring individuals do what they ought to do. Therefore Managers are, supposed to ensure better productivity or, "continuous improvement". More generally, management is a process of formulating and maintaining an atmosphere in which people, working collectively in groups, ably accomplish selected objectives (Koontz and Weihrich 1990,). In its expanded outline, this fundamental definition means quite a few things. One, as managers, they perform the managerial roles of planning, organizing, leading, controlling and staffing. Two, management pertains to any type of organization. Lastly, the objective of every manager is similar - creating surplus. Basically, then, management involves the acquirement of managerial competency, and efficiency in the following essential areas: problem solving, human resource management, administration, and organizational leadership. Most important of all management is entails solving problem or issues which go on emerging every time in the as an organization struggles to realize its goals, aims and objectives. Problem solving ought to be accompanied with problem identification, assessment and implementation of solutions to managerial problems. (Stoner J. A. et al, 2003) Management Objectives; Functions; Goals; and Essentiality Management Objectives There are principally three management objectives. Ensuring organizational targets and goals are met; secondly looking after health, safety and welfare of staff. Thirdly protecting the apparatus and the resources of the organization, with includes the human resources. (Stoner J. A. et al, 2003) Management Functions To appreciate management, it is very important that we divide it into five managerial functions that are; planning, leading, organizing, controlling and staffing. Planning entails selecting objectives and missions and the actions to realize them. Leading is to influence people so that they contribute to organization and also group goals; it has deals mainly with the interpersonal side of managing. Organizing is that part of management which involves creating an intended structure of roles for individuals to fill up in an organization. Controlling, for instance, budget for expenditure, is the measuring and also correcting of subordinates activities to make sure that events conform to plans. It assesses performance against objectives and plans, illustrates where negative differences exist, and, by putting in motion actions to correct deviations, helps ensure accomplishment of plans. Staffing

Assessing and Managing Patients with Musculoskeletal Conditions Article

Assessing and Managing Patients with Musculoskeletal Conditions - Article Example The journal, which is the focus of this critique, is entitled "Assessing and Managing Patients with Musculoskeletal Conditions", written by Nicola L. Judge. It was published in the Nursing Standard last September 2007. The journal dealt with how a nurse should assess patients presenting with musculoskeletal conditions. Some of the aims of this journal were for the readers understand the pathology of several common musculoskeletal conditions as well as the principles of common symptom management. The population discussed in this journal is musculoskeletal patients, and these would include athletes or people who engage themselves in an active lifestyle.Judge gave important anatomy and physiology concepts regarding the musculoskeletal system such as the type, classification and function of muscles, bones, ligaments and joints. The author also discussed common musculoskeletal conditions such as osteroarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, osteroporosis, fractures and sports injuries.Judge (200 7) also considered examination techniques and principles of nursing care. The health assessment procedures stated in this journal includes some of the most important information to ask the patient during history taking. The author stated that the cause, whether it is traumatic or non-traumatic should be first established. Next, the onset of the symptom, whether it is acute or gradual and the severity, pertaining to the extent of the affectation should be asked. Any precipitating and relieving factors should also be noted.

Human Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Human Engineering - Essay Example Such act is against the morals and ethics. Individuals who possess anomalies that are heritable are benefitted from such kind of genetic testing followed by selection of the baby. If the anomaly persists then the parents tend to terminate the pregnancy and opt for the better genetic make-up of the individual. In this genetic epoch where human engineering is being utilized for the betterment of the human race and to safeguard the future of the individuals. As eugenics is directed for the enhancement of the genetic composition of the population couples testing their fetuses for Down syndrome and abort fetus practice eugenics to certain extent as it is a step towards prevention of the hassles as well as elimination of the defective genetic makeup from the gene pool as well as it prevents social discrimination. Genetic testing aids in testing genetic anomalies encompassing Huntingtons, Cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Thalassemia, congenital malformations, deformations, chromosomal anomalies and also pre diabetics to a greater extent if it runs in the family. Although genetic test and screening does not provide any cure to the condition but affirms the carrier of the genetic anomalies leaving the decision on the parents to go or not to go for the child ("This House Would Allow Parents to Genetically Screen Foetuses For Heritable

Law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Law - Assignment Example It may seem as a case of bad faith coming from Michael, who has attempted to take advantage of the good will that has been associated with the trademark of â€Å"Facebook†. According to the Federal Trademark Dilution Act of 1995 this fact may conduct to dilution.1Moreover, the U.S. Trademark Act of 1946 stipulated as illegal the action of registering or using a domain name that is identical or very similar to a trademark previously registered. Also, Michael’s â€Å"casebook† may be qualified by ACPA as â€Å"typo squatting† – the registration of domain names similar to registered trademarks, but which differ by one or two letters. This is obvious as the words â€Å"facebook† and â€Å"casebook† are similar, the only difference being the first letter. This fact would give Facebook the right to make a claim according to the URDP rules. Another important factor in Michael’s case is the geographical location of the host of his website – which is Ukraine and the location of the end-user – which is Canada. It is obvious that the location of the end-user is of a bigger importance than the location of the host, since the Copyright Act is meant to protect the copyright in Canada. Nevertheless, the location of the host is determinative and its importance should not be minimized. The fact that Michael’s help – Carrie did not provide casebook.ca with an original appearance, but copied it from facebook.com is another illegal action. In U&R Tax, a set of requirements were made in order for a reproduction to be proved. These factors are: Analyzing the above criteria, it is obvious that the user interface design of â€Å"casebook.ca† was literally copied from the website â€Å"facebook.com† by Carrie. Through this action, the web site casebook.ca diminishes the value of Facebook’s copyright, and the material taken is used in an identical way as the facebook.com website – as a user interface design. Moreover, none of the Facebook codes were mentioned, the design

International Business Country Analysis - South Korea Essay

International Business Country Analysis - South Korea - Essay Example After the Korean War (1950-1953), South Korea rose from devastation to become one of the world’s largest economies in the 1990s. South Korea occupies the southern half of the Korea Peninsula, which extends about 1,000 km (about 620 mi) southward from northeastern China. The total area of South Korea is 99,268 sq km (38,328 sq mi), including about 3,000 islands. South Korea is a mountainous country. Lowlands, located primarily in the west and southeast, constitute only 30 percent of the total land area. South Korea can be divided into three general regions: an eastern region of high mountain ranges and narrow coastal plains; a western region of broad coastal plains, river basins, and rolling hills; and a southern region, where a maze of mountains and valleys in the west contrasts with the broad basin of the Nakdong River in the southeast. Historically, Korea was strongly influenced by Chinese culture and acted as a conduit of culture from China to Japan. Koreans adapted many Chinese art forms with innovation and skill, creating distinctively Korean forms. For many centuries, metalwork, sculpture, painting, and ceramics flourished throughout the Korea Peninsula. Buddhism provided one of the most significant sources for artistic expression. Confucianism, also prominent, emphasized the importance of literature and calligraphy, as well as portrait and landscape painting. Koreans began to incorporate Western forms after Korea opened itself to the Western world in the late 1800s. During the period of Japanese colonial rule (1910-1945), indigenous traditions were strongly discouraged. Since then, however, Koreans have made a concerted effort to keep their cultural traditions alive. Koreans possess a deep appreciation for their cultural heritage. The government encourages the traditional arts, as well as modern forms, through funding and education programs as well as sponsorship of a national

Acts of Rebellion Essay Example for Free

Acts of Rebellion Essay In 1984, Orwell presents the act of rebellion through love. Listen. The more men youve had, the most I love you. Do you understand that? this whole quote suggest that they are both rebelling, meaning that Julia has already rebelled in the past by having sex with other men. Also Winston is declaring that the more she rebels the more he would love her, which is also an act of rebellion in itself because love is unauthorized, by Big Brother. The most could suggest that Winston is encouraging everyone to rebel against Big Brother, which could mean that as Julia loves Winston, he is taking advantage of her by telling her that whatever Julia is doing is right that he is totally supporting her. Additionally this could mean that he wanted more people to be corrupt, and everyone to go to the wrong path and disobey Big Brother. Orwell presents the act of rebellion through love because in the Dystopian society there are strict rule that need to be followed, such as no having sex for pleasure, and this is clearly an act of rebellion as Julia had sex with lots of party member. Similarly in Romeo and Juliet where Shakespeare is presenting their love by rebelling, they are both willing to disobey the orders of the wise ones just to be with each other. Therefore stay yet; thou needst not to be gone proposes that Juliet is stubborn, as the Daughter of Capulet; she is used to get what she wants. Additionally Romeo declares to her Let me taen, let me be put to death This could emphasise that he is willing to die for Juliet and stay with her than live his life without her, this clearly shows that he is rebelling against all the rules put upon them, just to stay with Juliet. Not to be gone could suggest that Juliet is being bossy as she is ordering him to stay with her. But alternatively this could highlight that as men in the Elizabethan had power over women, and they were patriarchal meaning that Juliet was a bad influence on Romeo, and that she was almost a threat to his manhood. As he accepts defeat Romeo says let me put to death which could declare that Juli et is Romeos weakness and that if someone breaks Juliet, Romeo will also shatter.

Social Media as Advertising Platform: Case Study

Social Media as Advertising Platform: Case Study The report represents an analysis of the promotional strategies implemented by Love for Food. The company has chosen social media as its promotional platform. The complete report has been presented based on identified aims and objectives. Among various measures available to study the performance of effectiveness of marketing strategies, such as A/B testing, multivariate testing and assessing Facebook analytic, the Facebook analytic model has been chosen. With the help of AIDA model, the discussion identifies that the company has not been successful to initiate effective demand due to flaws in promotional strategies. The reflection provided in the study shows this analysis has been very informative to enhance knowledge about the use of Facebook Insights. The discussion puts forth a study of web analytics. The report is presented in the scenario of a firm Love for Food. The business has chosen Facebook as the medium of promoting the business. The report will put forth a brief background of the study and the enterprise. It will identify key aims, goals, objectives and research questions for the discussion. Many strategies of research will be evaluated. Based on the evaluation a key strategy will be selected. The discussion will also put forth a process of experiments based on theoretical perspective, a data analysis will be presented by identifying effectiveness of the marketing strategies. A brief reflection will be presented by addressing key factors identified in the study. In the end, the discussion will be concluded by providing a concise summary. Background Love for Food is a bakery company based is an UK-based bakery firm. The organisation is considering to take online shopping as its key business domain. It has chosen Facebook as a feasible online media to sales its products (Facebook.com, 2017). Since, this platform is cost effective and offer high degree of reach (Bharadwaj, et al., 2013). But, it is imperative for Love for Food to assess the effectiveness of Facebook to promote the services. The study will focus on web analytics using Facebook insights to assess the effectiveness of this tool (Selwyn Facer, 2007). The enterprise has been successful to generate likes and shares of by promoting its Facebook page. But, the firm wants to enhance the outcome more to ensure better success of the business. Aims, goals, objectives or purpose: The key aims, goals, objectives and purpose of this study has been put forth as below. Aims: To assess the effectiveness of web analytics in promoting the businesses. Goals: To enhance the promotional activities of the company by ensuring better result. Objectives: The key objectives of the study are as mentioned below. To identify the effectiveness of web analytics to measure the effectiveness of promotional activities of the firm? To identify key drawbacks lies in the promotional activities of the organisation. Purpose: This study will facilitate Love for Food to improve its promotional strategies. The enterprise will also be able to assess the probable return on investment it will be able to get in short term and long term perspective (Miller, 2012). The analysis will also facilitate the organisation if it will be successful to meet it anticipated target more effectively. Questions: Based on the above discussion following research questions have been identified for this study. How much is the web analytics effective to measure the effectiveness of promotional activities of the business? What are the key drawbacks in the promotional strategies of the organisation? Selection of experiment area: Strategies: There are many strategies available for the company to develop for conducting experiments (Young, 2014). These are multivariate testing, A/B testing and creation of Facebook pages and posts. Each of these strategies is discussed and justified as below. Multivariate Testing: In this process of testing various interlinked variable are modified to assess the impact of the result. This analysis helps to identify the one combination which is effective for the enterprise (Wang, 2014). In the context of Love for Food, the firm will be able to assess the effectiveness of its different marketing promotions with changing scenario. But this will take much time and make the whole process costly (Chaffey, et al., 2012). Thus, this method of analysis will not be effective for the company. A/B Testing: In this process of testing, the enterprise will be able to test data based on single variable. This is effective for simple projects. But, the projects which have many critical data and interlinked operations, will not able to generate effective analysis from this study (Segura, et al., 2016). The A/B testing however also helps to identify an effective channel of promotions. The Love for Food will require undertaking many promotional tools such as social media, advertisement on television and newspapers (Royle Laing, 2014). But, this will raise the cost of project. Because, it is not feasible for the organisation to make presence in those media. Hence, this method of study will not be feasible for the organisation. Creation of Facebook pages and posts: in this process of method, the business will be able to assess the market demand for the product more effectively (Abell Brewer, 2014). The firm will be able to develop many customised solutions and information. The likes, shares and comments provided by the organisation, will facilitate the enterprise to identify the popularity and attractiveness of its strategies. Love for Food can implement this strategy in cost effective and timely manner (Gerlitz Helmond, 2013). Therefore, this process of analysis will be feasible for this study. Method for conducting experiments: Owing to the feasibility of the process of creation of Facebook pages and posts, Love for Food chose this method of conducting the experiment. Initially, a Facebook account was created. The account was logged using the user id and the password as articulated by the company.       Figure 1:1st Step Creation of the page was the second step after the procedure of logging in into the account. Figure 2:2nd Step Figure 3:3rd Step In this step, the page was selected and was ready to be created. Figure 4:4th Step The primary purpose of creating the Facebook was to connect with the people by using a brand, business or a cause. In this case, the cause or community was chosen to continue with the further step. Figure 5:5th Step By clicking on get started and after writing the name for the page, the Facebook page was created as illustrated below. Figure 6:6th Step Figure 7: Page Created The creation of the Facebook page has enabled the company to attract a number of people at the same time. The page also got about 30 likes. The page has also been receiving comments for the photos and the videos that were uploaded by Love for Food. Hence, this procedure has been useful in the attainment of the objectives. Analysis of your experiment area: Page Views: The above analysis of data identifies that the company has become successful to generate 37 views for its Facebook page. The page was run for 3 weeks. Within this small period it has been successful to generate sufficient views. The above chart also shows the sources of views was not only from facebook.com, but also other key websites such as likestool.com, traffup.net also facilitated to increase the number of views the page. This shows the company can get higher reach through Facebook promotions. Page Likes: The above data shows that the enterprise has been able to increase the likes of the page from 17th Feb to 17th March. The firm has been successful to the likes of pages to a certain extent from 15th March. The above chart also represents that the number of likes has been decreased drastically from 16th march. This represents that the business has not been successful to sustain its market presence. According to the AIDA model, the enterprise requires to attention generation, interest development, desire generation and resulting action i.e. purchasing of services (Hassan, et al., 2015). But, above analysis shows the company has been successful to generate attention for the product. It has also been successful to develop interest (Wang, 2014). But as the organisation has failed to sustain these factors for long, it has not been successful to generate desire and purchase decision. Thus it failed to meet its target of generating high degree of return on investment from the projectReflections upon the use of Facebook/Facebook Insights: Pages on Facebook are public in nature and hence, the engagement with the pages are also public. Initially, with the incorporation of Facebook Insights in my project, I learnt that Facebook insights assists in providing insights to the managers of the page along with the activity of the people on the page (Bharadwaj, et al., 2013). I learnt that Facebook insight is a powerful tool for the individuals who are determined towards the tracking of the interaction of the user on the fan page of the Facebook. It can be seen by each and every admin of the page. I also learnt that it aids in understanding the performance of the page with the help of graphs. In the course of using Facebook insights, I learnt that we will also be able to recognise and determine the best time of the day along with the best day of the week for posting pictures and contents on the Facebook page (Gerlitz Helmond, 2013). Further, it is also mandatory to mention that I also learnt that Facebook Insights are also useful in understanding the use and power of a particular content or post (Frick, 2000). One of the most important things that I learnt was it is a tool that is constantly updated which helps in reflecting the developments in the page. Hence, it is essential to keep a check on the loop. The study identifies that the company has chosen social media for promotional perspective. Since, it is cost effective and has high reach. The other process of analysis for studying the effectiveness of promotional strategies thus has been rejected. These promotional strategies can be identified as multivariate analysis and A/B analysis. The analysis of data also shows; the organisation has been failed to meet its promotional objective as it has failed to sustain the interest. In theoretical perspective of AIDA model (Ward Peppard, 2016), the enterprise has not been quite successful in generating demand and purchase intention for its products. However, the study has been very beneficial and informative to develop analytical skills. So, it will add value in academic and professional endeavours. References Abell, L. Brewer, G., 2014. Machiavellianism, self-monitoring, self-promotion and relational aggression on Facebook. Computers in Human Behavior, 36(1), pp. 258-262. Bharadwaj, A., El Sawy, O., Pavlou, P. Venkatraman, N., 2013. Digital business strategy: toward a next generation of insights.. s.l.:s.n. Chaffey, D., Smith, P. R. Smith, P. R., 2012. eMarketing eXcellence: Planning and optimizing your digital marketing. 2nd ed. s.l.:Routledge. Facebook.com, 2017. Love For Food. [Online] Available at: https://www.facebook.com/Love-For-Food-264565583984164/[Accessed 17 March 2017]. Frick, T., 2000. Return on engagement: Content, strategy, and design techniques for digital marketings.. London: Taylor Franci. Gerlitz, C. Helmond, A., 2013. The like economy: Social buttons and the data-intensive web.. New Media Society, 15(8), pp. 1348-1365. Hassan, S., Nadzim, S. Shiratuddin, N., 2015. Strategic use of social media for small business based on the AIDA model. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 172(1), pp. 262-269. Miller, M., 2012. B2B digital marketing: Using the web to market directly to businesses. London: Que Publishing. Royle, J. Laing, A., 2014. The digital marketing skills gap: Developing a Digital Marketer Model for the communication industries.. International Journal of Information Management, 34(2), pp. 65-73. Segura, S., Fraser, G., Sanchez, A. Ruiz-Cortà ©s, A., 2016. A survey on metamorphic testing. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, 42(9), pp. 805-824. Selwyn, N. Facer, K., 2007. Beyond the digital divide Rethinking digital inclusion for the 21st century. UK: Futurelab. Wang, P. e., 2014. Graphical representation of multivariate data. 2nd ed. London: Elsevier. Ward, J. Peppard, J., 2016. The Strategic Management of Information Systems: Building a Digital Strategy. London: John Wiley Sons. Young, A., 2014. Brand media strategy: Integrated communications planning in the digital era. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.